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Edible Microalgae
Health Research
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Contact Us
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Jeffrey Bruno, Ph.D.
Peninsula Child & Youth
Assessment Clinics
(650) 738-0807
Two locations:
80 Eureka Square, Suite 215
Pacifica, CA 94044
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1601 Bayshore Hwy.
Suite 123
Burlingame, CA 94010
Spiralhope@aol.com
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Cancer Protective Effects
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172. Hocman G. Prevention of Cancer: vegetables and plants. CBP:Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B. 1989; 93(2):201-12.
173. Sarkar A et al. Beta-carotene prevents lipid peroxidation and red blood cell damage in experimental hepatocarcinogenesis.Cancer Biochemistry and Biophysics. 1995; 15(2):111-25.
174. Tinkler J et al. Dietary carotenoids protect human cells from damage.Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology. 1994; 26(3):282-5.
175. Garewal H et al. Emerging role of beta-carotene and antioxidant nutrients in prevention of oral cancer. Archives of Otolaryngology. 1995; 121(2):141-4.
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177. Johnson E, Schroeder W. Microbial cartenoids.Advanced Biochemistry Engineering and Biotechnology. 1996; 53:119-178.
178. Mittal A et al. Modulatory potential ofSpirulina fusiformis on carcinogen metabolizing enzymes in Swiss albino mice. Phytotherapy Research. March 1999; 13(2):111-4.
179. Kozlenko R, Henson, R. The study ofSpirulina, effects on the AIDS virus, cancer and the immune system. Healthy & Natural. 1996; 3(5):66-7.
180. Fujii Y, Sakamoto S, Ben-Amotz A, Nagasawa H. Effects of beta-carotene-rich algaeDunaliella bardawil on the dynamic changes of normal and neoplastic mammary cells and general metabolism in mice. Anticancer Research. Mar-Apr 199; 13(2):389-93.
181. Xue L. Experimental study on extract ofDunaliella salina in preventing NSAR-induced cancer of proventriculus in mice.Chung Hua Yu Fang I Hsueh Tsa Chih (Chinese). November 1993; 27(6):350-3.
182. Nagasawa H et al. Suppression by beta-carotene-rich algaeDunaliella bardawil of the progression, but not the development, of spontaneous mammary tumours in SHN virgin mice.Anticancer Research. Mar-Apr 1991; 11(2):713-7.
183. Nagasawa H et al. Inhibition by beta-carotene-rich algaeDunaliella of spontaneous mammary tumourigenesis in mice.Anticancer Research. Jan-Feb 1989; 9(1):71-5.
184. Combs W et al. In vivo and in vitro effects of B-carotene and algae extracts in murine tumor models. Nutrition and Cancer. 1989; 12(4):371-9.
185. Nagasawa H et al. Inhibition by beta carotene rich algaeDunaliella of spontaneous mammary tumourigensis in mice.Anticancer Research. 1989; 9:71.
186. Schwartz J, Shklar G, Suda D. Inhibition of experimental oral carcinogenesis by topical beta carotene.Carcinogenesis. 1986; 7(5):711-5.
187. Schwartz J, Shklar G, Reid S, Trickler D. Prevention of experimental oral cancer by extracts ofSpirulina-Dunaliella algae.Nutrition and Cancer. 1988; 11(2):127-34.
188. Schwartz J, Sloane D, Shklar G. Prevention and inhibition of oral cancer in the hamster buccal pouch model associated with carotenoid immune enhancement.Tumor Biology. 1989; 10:297-309.
189. Shklar G, Schwartz J. Tumor necrosis factor in experimental cancer regression with alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, canthaxanthin and algae extract.European Journal of Cancer and Clinical Oncology. May 1988; 24(5):839-50.
190. Schwartz J, Shklar G. Regression of experimental hamster cancer by beta-carotene and algae extracts.Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. June 1987; 45(6):510-5.
191. Mathew B et al. Evaluation of chemoprevention of oral cancer withSpirulina fusiformis. Nutrition and Cancer. 1995; 24(2):197-202.
192. Smith C, Zhang X. Mechanism of action of cryptophycin.Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1996; 271(11):6192-8.
193. Smith C, Zhang X, et al. Cryptophycin: a new antimicrotubule agent active against drug-resistant cells. Cancer Research. July 1994; 54(14):3779-84.
194. Ogino J et al. Dendroamides, new cyclic hexapeptides from a blue-green alga. Multidrug-resistance reversing activity of dendroamide A.Journal of Natural Products. June 1996; 59(6):581-6.
195. Smith C et al. Reversal of multiple drug resistance by tolyporphin, a novel cyanobacterial natural product. Oncology Research. 1994; 6(4-5):211-8.
196. Smith C, Carmeli S, Moore R, Patterson G. Scytophycins, novel microfilament-depolymerizing agents which circumvent P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance.Cancer Research. March 1993; 53(6):1343-7.
197. Vermeil C, Morin O. Experimental role of the unicellular algae Prototheca and Chlorella (chlorellacease) in anti-cancer immunogenesis.Comptes Rendus Des Seances De La Societe De Biologie Et De Ses Filiales. October 1976; 170(3):646-9.
198. Mishima T et al. Inhibition of tumor invasion and metastasis by calcium spirulan (Ca-SP), a novel sulfated polysaccharide derived from blue-green algae,Spirulina platensis. Clinical and Experimental Metastasis. 1998; 16(6):541-50.
199. Tanaka K et al. A novel glycoprotein obtained from Chlorella vulgaris strain CK22 shows antimetastatic immuno-potentiation.Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy. February 1998; 45(6):313-20.
200. Hayakawa Y, Hayashi T et al. Calcium spirulan as an inducer of tissue-type plasminogen activator in human fetal lung fibroblasts.Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. March 1997; 1355(3):241-7.
201. Noda K et al. A water-soluble antitumor glycoprotein from Chlorella vulgaris. Planta Medica. October 1996;62(5):423-6.
202. Tokuda H et al. Inhibition of 12-O-TPA promoted mouse skin papilloma by digalactosyl diacylglycerols from the freshwater cyanobacterium Phormidium tenue. Cancer Letters. 1996; 104(1):91-5.
203. Vermeil C, Morin O, Le Bodic L. The stimulation of tumoricidal peritoneal macrophages can be directly induced by peritoneal implantation of unicellar algae in humans.Archives De L Institut Pasteur De Tunis (French). Mar-Jun 1985; 62(1-2):91-4.
204. Higashi-Okai K, Okai Y. Potent suppressive activity of chlorophyll a and b from green tea (Camellia sinensis) against tumor promotion in mouse skin.Journal of UOEH (Japanese). September 1998; 20(3):181-8.
205. Okai Y et al. Suppressive effects of chlorophyllin on mutagen-induced umu C gene expression in Salmonella typhimurium (TA 1535/pSK 1002) and tumor promoter dependent ornithine decarboxylase induction in BALB/c 3T3 fibroblast cells.Mutation Research. August 1996; 370(1):11-7.
206. Breinholt V et al. Dietary chlorophyllin is a potent inhibitor of aflatoxin B1 hepatocarcinogenesis in rainbow trout.Cancer Research. 1995; 55(1):57-62.
207. Singh et al. Inhibitory potential of Chlorella vulgaris (E-2S) on mouse skin papillomagenesis and xenobiotic detoxification system.Anticancer Research. 1999; 19:1887-92.
208. Tanaka K et al. Oral administration of Chlorella vulgaris augments concomitant antitumor immunity. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology. 1990; 12(2):277-91.
209. Konishi F et al. Antitumor effect induced by a hot water extract ofChlorella vulgaris: resistance to meth-A tumor growth mediated by CE-induced polymorphonuclear leukocytes.Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy. 1985; 19(2):73-8.
210. Tanaka K et al. Augmentation of antitumor resistance by a strain of unicellular green algae,Chlorella vulgaris. Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy. 1984; 17(2):90-4.
211. Nomoto K, Yokokura T, Satoh H, Mutai M. Antitumor activity ofChlorella extract, PCM-4, by oral administration.Gan To Kagaku Ryoho (Japanese). March 1983; 10(3):781-5.
212. Morin O, Guilard R, Guihard D, Vermeil C. New approach to the study of the experimental inhibitory effect of the unicellular algaChlorella pyrenoidosa against the murine sarcomas BP8 and L1210.Comptes Rendus Des Seances De La Societe De Biologie Et De Ses Filiales (French). 1980; 174(1):74-81.
213. Neveu P et al. Modulation of antibody synthesis by an antitumor algae. Experientia. December 1978; 34(12):1644-5.
214. Miyazawa Y et al. Immunomodulation by a unicellular green algae (Chlorella pyrenoidosa) in tumor-bearing mice.Journal of Ethnopharmacology. December 1988; 24(2):135-46.
215. Tanaka K et al. A novel glycoprotein obtained from Chlorella vulgaris strain CK22 shows antimetastatic immunopotentiation.Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy. February 1998; 45(6):313-20.
216. Carbonnelle D et al. Antitumor and antiproliferative effects of an aqueous extract from the marine diatom Haslea ostrearia (simonsen) against solid tumors: lung carcinoma (NSCLC-N6), kidney carcinoma (E39) and melanoma (M96) cell lines.Anticancer Research. 1999; 19:621-4.
217. Berge J et al. Antiproliferative effects of an organic extract from the marine diatom Skeletonema costatum (grev.) against a non-small-cell bronchopulmonary carcinoma line (NSCLC-N6).Anticancer Research. 1997; 17:2115-20.
218. Henrikson R.Earth Food Spirulina. Ronore Enterprises. 1989: 69.
219. Lijjima N et al. Anti-tumor agent and method of treatment therewith. US patent pending, ref. P1150-726-A82679, Application filed 15 Sep. 1982.
220. Patent claim filed by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals and Tokyo Kenkyukai for “Anti-tumor agents containing phycobilin — also used to treat ulcers and hemorrhoid bleeding” (1983, JP58065216-A830418).
221. Cited in: Challem J.Spirulina. Keats Publishing, 1981: 17.
222. Ben-Amotz A et al. Natural beta-carotene and whole body irradiation in rats.Radiation and Environmental Biophysics. November 1996; 35(4):285-8.
223. Konishi F et al. Protective effect of an acidic glycoprotein obtained from culture of Chlorella vulgaris against myelosuppression by 5-fluorouracil.Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy. June 1996; 42(5):268-74.
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